Indicator(s) for

Applied for

Hot spots Austria and relevance

Drought

All selected crops

All regions with less than 800mm annual precipitation and high temperatures and wind (especially eastern parts of Austria); relevant for crop stress and pest development

Heat

Annual crops

Warmest regions of Austria, mainly lowland regions in the east and south; heat stress and fertility impact on several crops; related increased ozone levels leading to yield losses

Soil conditions for crop (root) growth

Annual crops

All regions with loamy-clay soils (critical temperatures and wetness) and sandy soils (drought)

Heavy precipitation

Field crops

Especially humid regions (alpine and pre-alpine regions); relevant for lodging and diseases as well as soil surface hardening

Snow cover conditions

Annual winter crops

In all regions with extreme snow cover variation (too much, too long or too less )

Overwintering conditions

Selected crops

Frequency and duration of mild/cold fluctuations during winter; weakening frost hardiness, chilling conditions

Humidity and leaf wetness

Selected crops

Humid crop growing regions; important conditions for many diseases

Harvest conditions

Selected crops

Crop specific, include all weather parameters

Soil workability

Arable crops

For soil cultivation and crop management; danger of soil compaction

Suitable conditions for crop management measures

Selected crops

i.e. number of frequency of dry / calm days within certain periods, crop specific

Drying conditions

Annual crops

Field drying conditions, relevant for yield quality and diseases (i.e. fusarium)

Frequency of rains

Selected crops

Relevant for diseases and pests; biomass accumulation (low radiation and cloudiness)

Frost damage

Many crops, but especially orchards

Especially spring crops and orchards; huge damage potential for sensitive crops; strong impact of orography

Soil erosion

All cropping systems with periods of bare soils

Direct damage and long term effects on soil fertility (and nutrient and water storage capacity); strong effect of soil cover and orography

N-leaching

Annual crops

Cereals and high yielding crops such as maize; strong impact of soil conditions and crop management, high spatial variability

Disease risks
(indicative as pre-selected based on partners experience and available data sets)

Potatoes, apples, grapes

Preselected disease risks included in the study and involved partners:
-Potato blight (Phytophtora investans + Alternaria solani) - (CzechGlobe, MELES)
-Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) - (UNSAF, AGES)
-Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) - (UNSAF, AGES) -Grapevine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) - (UNSAF)

Pest risks
(indicative as pre-selected based on partners experience and available data sets)

Field crops
Orchards

Preselected disease risks included in the study and involved partners:
-European Corn Borer - (CzechGlobe)
-Western Corn Root worm - (CzechGlobe, AGES)
-Wireworms (Coleoptera, Fam. Elateridae) - (MELES)
-Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) - (AGES)
-Plum Fruit Moth (Grapholita funebrana) - (AGES)
-Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) – AGES, MELES)